Surgical treatment of benign and malignant breast tumors

Surgical treatment of breast tumors represents a key step in both diagnosis and therapy of breast diseases. We distinguish between benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors, where the treatment approach differs according to the character, size and localization of the tumor, as well as the individual condition of the patient.

Benign breast tumors

Benign tumors, such as fibroadenoma, cysts or lipomas, while not life-threatening, can cause pain, breast deformation or psychological distress.

• Indications for surgery - rapid growth, large size, suspicion of malignancy or cosmetic reasons
• Surgical procedure - most commonly performed enucleation or excision of the tumor while preserving healthy tissue

Malignant breast tumors

Malignant breast tumors require a comprehensive oncological approach, which often combines surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatment (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy). There are various surgical methods:

• Lumpectomy (breast-conserving surgery) – removal of the tumor with surrounding healthy tissue
• Mastectomy – removal of the entire breast, in some cases with reconstruction
• Sentinel biopsy or lymph node dissection – important for determining the extent of the disease

Goal of surgical treatment

The primary goal of surgical treatment is complete tumor removal, prevention of recurrence and preservation of the best possible breast function and aesthetics. Early diagnosis and properly chosen surgical approach significantly increase the chances of complete cure and quality of life for the patient.