Burning, stinging, a gritty feeling in the eyes or blurred vision are among the most common problems that bring patients to an eye clinic. Very often, the cause is dry eye syndrome, a condition in which the surface of the eye is not sufficiently hydrated by a high-quality tear film.
Dry eyes no longer affect only older people. Long hours at the computer, air conditioning, mobile devices and contact lenses mean that dry eye syndrome is increasingly seen in younger patients as well.
Without proper treatment, chronic drying of the eyes can significantly reduce visual comfort and everyday quality of life.
What is dry eye syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome develops when:
- the eye produces too few tears,
- tears evaporate too quickly,
- or tears have an incorrect composition.
The result is disruption of the tear film, which naturally protects the eye surface, keeps it hydrated and helps maintain sharp vision.
The tear film consists of three basic layers:
- the lipid layer,
- the aqueous layer,
- the mucin layer.
If any of these layers is impaired, the eye may become irritated, sensitive and more prone to inflammation.
The most common causes of dry eyes
Long-term screen work
When working on a computer or using a phone, we blink less often. Tears therefore evaporate faster and the eyes dry out.
Air conditioning and dry air
Air-conditioned spaces, heating and fans can significantly worsen the stability of the tear film.
Contact lenses
Contact lenses can increase dryness and eye sensitivity, especially when worn throughout the day.
Age and hormonal changes
Tear production naturally decreases with age. The problem is also more common during menopause.
Some medications
Dry eyes may be caused by antihistamines, antidepressants or medicines for high blood pressure.
Diseases and inflammation
Dry eye syndrome may also occur with autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms of dry eye syndrome
Dry eyes can present in different ways. Patients most often describe:
- burning or stinging eyes,
- a foreign-body sensation,
- itching and irritation,
- red eyes,
- blurred or fluctuating vision,
- increased tearing,
- eye fatigue during computer work,
- sensitivity to light,
- discomfort when wearing contact lenses.
Symptoms are often more pronounced in the evening or after prolonged screen work.
Diagnosis of dry eye
Accurate diagnosis is the basis of successful treatment. Modern eye examinations can determine the type and severity of dry eye syndrome.
The examination may include:
- measurement of tear production,
- assessment of tear film stability,
- examination of the Meibomian glands,
- slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment,
- evaluation of tear film quality.
Based on the results, individual treatment can be recommended.
Treatment of dry eye syndrome
Treatment depends on the cause and intensity of symptoms.
Artificial tears and lubricating drops
They help hydrate the eye surface and relieve irritation.
Eye hygiene and Meibomian gland treatment
If the lipid layer of the tear film is impaired, the following may help:
- warm compresses,
- eyelid massage,
- regular eye hygiene,
- modern device-based treatments.
Anti-inflammatory treatment
Chronic inflammation may require special eye drops with an anti-inflammatory effect.
Contact lens adjustment
In some cases, changing the type of contact lenses or adjusting the wearing schedule can help.
Punctal plugs
In significant tear deficiency, tear drainage can be reduced with special tear duct plugs.
How to relieve dry eyes at home
The right daily routine can also help with dry eye syndrome:
- take regular breaks when working at a computer,
- blink more consciously,
- follow the 20-20-20 rule,
- limit prolonged phone use,
- ventilate and humidify the room sufficiently,
- drink enough fluids,
- avoid direct airflow from air conditioning.
If your symptoms are mostly connected with screen work, our article about digital eye strain may also help.
When to see an eye doctor
An eye examination is recommended if:
- problems persist for a longer time,
- the eyes are often red or painful,
- blurred vision occurs,
- over-the-counter drops do not bring relief,
- you have difficulty wearing contact lenses.
Long-term untreated dry eye syndrome can lead to chronic irritation and damage to the eye surface.
Dry eye treatment in Bratislava
At our eye clinic in Bratislava, we provide diagnosis and modern treatment of dry eye syndrome for patients of all ages.
If you suffer from dry, tired or irritated eyes, book a professional eye examination.